2010年9月2日 星期四

英國童話 - 傑克與碗豆

作者: venti (耶 找到工作了.....) 看板: Gossiping
標題: 英國童話 - 傑克與碗豆
時間: Sun Sep 23 23:30:29 2007

傑克與碗豆 / Jack and the Beanstalk / Hans und die Bohnenranke 是英國的童

話,曾經被格林兄弟收錄到格林童話裏面,之後又被刪除。跟之前的小紅帽一樣,傑

克與碗豆也是一個跟時代一同進化的童話,擁有許多不同的版本。目前可以追查出來

最有根據的手抄本是1807年英國作家跟出版商Benjamin Tabart所發行的童話本

The History of Jack and the Bean-Stalk(但是之前已經有類似的童話故事Jack

Spriggins and the Enchanted Bean)。但是一直到1890年Joseph Jacobs英國童

話集,這個童話才廣為人知,這個版本也是我們大家最熟悉的版本。

(左圖~~傑克與碗豆的童話本的插畫)





故事大意


傑克是一個寡婦的兒子。有一天寡婦要傑克帶著她們最後的財產,一頭母牛去市場賣

錢。在路上傑克遇到了一個陌生人,在陌生人的慫恿下,將這頭母牛交換了五顆碗

豆。寡婦聽到後,大怒之下就將那五顆碗豆給丟到窗戶外面去。



第二天之後,傑克發現這五顆碗豆長成了高聳雲霄的大碗豆樹,在好奇心的驅使下,

傑克就順著碗豆樹爬了上去,到達了一個巨人的城堡,他偷偷的進去發現了巨人跟巨

人的老婆。但是依靠著巨人老婆的幫助,傑克逃過了一劫,臨走前他順手牽羊了一堆

巨人的金幣。會到家之後,傑克跟他老媽過著富裕的生活,但是一段時間後,金幣花

光了,於是傑克又爬上了豆蔓,這一次傑克順手牽羊了一隻會下金蛋的母雞&母鵝,

從此他們又過著快樂的富裕生活。但是富裕的生活讓傑克感到無聊,於是他又爬上一

次,這一次他順手牽羊了一個黃金豎琴。但是這次偷走的黃金豎琴再被偷走的時候,

卻呼救了起來,在被巨人追殺的情況下,傑克就只好拿起斧頭把豆蔓給砍了,從天空

摔下來的巨人救活活的被摔死了。



這個版本是J在他的英國童話集裡面的版本,其中最有名的一句話就是

Fee! Fie! Foe! Fum!
I smell the blood of an Englishman.
Be he 'live, or be he dead,
I'll grind his bones to make my bread.

Fee! Fie! Foe! Fum!
我聞到了英國人的血。
管他是活的還是死的
我都要磨碎他的骨頭做成麵包


(有趣的是其他版本都是聞到生人的血~原始版本卻是聞到英國人的血~~感情巨人

還是有挑過只吃英國人來著的)



前面有提到,傑克與碗豆跟小紅帽一樣都是跟著時代再變的童話故事,但是跟小紅帽

不一樣的是他們變動的動機。跟著小紅帽的變化走,我們可以看到時代變遷的背景,

也就是時代再推著小紅帽走。但是傑克與碗豆的變化,卻是因為這個故事本身缺乏道

德涵意的緣故。其實仔細觀察這個童話,你會發現這根本是一個竊賊跟殺人兇手的自

白故事。



一個貧窮又沒腦筋的小孩,在最後的財產(一頭母牛)都被陌生人騙走後,(拿母牛

換五顆豆子~這不是白癡遇到詐騙集團是什麼??),決定鋌而走險,去偷一個富裕

家庭的財寶。第一次偷到一堆金幣,本來可以過著富裕的生活,但是他們卻連@投資

理財@(買塊地也好)都不會,等到坐吃山空,金幣用完後,又決定要再偷一次。這

次他們再偷了一隻金雞可以保證他們永遠都不用在做事(好吃懶做)。而第三次偷

竊,卻純粹只是因為傑克無聊~~等到被巨人發現後,傑克卻反而把巨人給殺了,完

全沒有想過救他的巨人老婆會怎麼想。用現代甚至是古代的角度來講,都是偷竊加殺

人,要小孩子從中間得到什麼道德,幾乎是不可能的事情。(當然也有人認為這篇童

話,其實是寫來諷刺英國人好吃懶做,偷竊成性的個性。)也因為這個童話完全沒有

任何道德背景,從以前到現在,其實是一直被攻擊的童話之一,所以他也曾經進入格

林童話集,但是後來又被拿出來了。(其實大家都熟悉的藍鬍子後來也被格林兄弟拿

出格林童話集~但是台灣的翻譯家,其實也不管他是不是後來被拿出來,通通打成格

林童話)



所以之後其它許多版本的傑克與碗豆,都有加強他的道德背景,有些版本寫說這個巨

人是個暴君,不斷殘害他自己的領民,傑克其實是拯救者的角色。另外一個版本則因

為原始版本從來沒有提到傑克老爸的過去,所以就增加了金雞跟黃金豎琴其實都是傑

克他老爸的財產,但是後來他老爸被巨人給殺害,這些寶物也被巨人占為己有,所以

傑克過著貧窮的日子,而如今傑克拿回這些東西,不過是拿回原來就屬於他的東西,

而殺了巨人,不過是扮演著復仇者的角色。但是不管後人,如何增加新的橋段,都無

法改變傑克與碗豆,原來是一個竊賊跟殺人兇手的自白故事罷了。



PS在原始版裡面的巨人是沒有名字的,但是後來許多的電影卡通,為了加強巨人的

角色,而賦予了他Thunderdell或者是 Blunderbore這個名子。Thunderdell在神話裡

是有兩個頭的傳說中的巨人(圖一),另外一個則是Blunderbore(圖二)。

(註:圖片放在blog裡)





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